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Acute Inflammation with a Focus on Sepsis

825 bytes added, 19:16, 18 November 2021
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Currently, sepsis is diagnosed with standard laboratory techniques, which takes 12-72 hours before results are obtained. These tests are based on blood cultures looking for bacterial or viral infections.<ref name="Arti24">How is sepsis diagnosed and treated?, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). Retrieved September 28, 2021, from https://www.cdc.gov/sepsis/diagnosis/ </ref> However, research shows that sepsis cannot always be attributed to only the infectious agent and the immune response that follows, but also to more complex and indirect factors such as significant alterations in coagulation, immunosuppression and organ dysfunction.<ref name="Arti13">Sepsis: The evolution in definition, pathophysiology, and management. SAGE Open Medicine, 7, 2050312119835043–2050312119835043, 2019, Gyawali, B., Ramakrishna, K., & Dhamoon, A. S., https://doi.org/10.1177/2050312119835043 </ref> Hence, it is often difficult to diagnose sepsis in a patient on time since multiple causes might be at hand. Early diagnosis is therefore key to battle sepsis. With a biosensor that detects IL-6 in the early stages, symptoms can be classified as belonging to sepsis and consequently, the mortality and severity of sepsis can be decreased. Sepsis is treatable if it is identified and treated quickly which in most cases leads to full recovery with no lasting problems<ref name="Arti23">NHS inform Scotland - Sepsis, https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/blood-and-lymph/sepsis, 2020 </ref>.
 
== State of the Art ==
 
Currently, the concentration of unbound IL-6 is typically measured in serum, i.e. blood samples are clotted and refrigerated-centrifuged within 25-40 minutes after collection. The serum is then suited for use in several immunoassays, e.g., ELISA, CLIA, ECLIA, and RIA. Alternatively, the serum can be frozen and stored at -20 ℃ or lower for later use (ThermoFisher Scientific, 2007)(Thavasu et al., 1992) (Todd et al., 1979). In addition, commercial assays also allow for measurement in plasma. Whole blood is collected into anticoagulant-treated tubes e.g., EDTA-treated or citrate-treated. Cells are removed from plasma by centrifugation for 10 minutes at 1000-2000 x g using a refrigerated centrifuge. Centrifugation for 15 minutes at 2000 x g depletes platelets in the plasma sample.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
== References ==
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