Changes

As is clear from the above table, the classic ELISA technique is widely available as commercial kits, which makes it a convenient method for biomarker detection in patient samples. Nevertheless, a relatively long detection time (of at least a few hours) and the requirement of a laboratory environment precludes its use in GP surgeries or patients’ homes.<ref name="Arti29">Xu, L., Ramadan, S., Akingbade, O. E., Zhang, Y., Alodan, S., Graham, N., Zimmerman, K. A., Torres, E., Heslegrave, A., Petrov, P. K., Zetterberg, H., Sharp, D. J., Klein, N., & Li, B. (2021). Detection of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein in Patient Plasma Using On-Chip Graphene Field-Effect Biosensors, in Comparison with ELISA and Single-Molecule Array. ACS Sensors, 7(1), 253–262. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.1c02232</ref> Classic ELISAs are laboratory-based assay, which are not suited for rapid testing as targeted in the SensUs competition.The same applies to more advanced laboratory assays, such as mass spectrometry and single molecular array (Simoa) technology.

Recently a commercial GFAP test has been developed by Abbott on its i-STAT Alinity biosensor platform. The specifications are listed in the Table below. The i-STAT platform is used in hospitals. However, the i-STAT TBI Plasma test is not intended to be used in point-of-care settings.

== Lab protocols ==