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Created page with "200px|thumb|right|Logo of AdUp Sense == LxUs 2019 == LxUs is a team from the Uppsala University competing in the SensUs 2019 event. For SensUs 2..."
[[File:Adup_sense_logo.PNG|200px|thumb|right|Logo of AdUp Sense]]
== LxUs 2019 ==
LxUs is a team from the Uppsala University competing in the SensUs 2019 event. For SensUs 2019, LxUs investigated the possibilities for creating a biosensor which is able to measure the concentration of [[Adalimumab]]. The full TRD can be found [ via this link]
== Method ==
The working principle is based upon the spectrophotometry technique which allows transduction of
changes in optical properties of the 60 nm dimater Au-NP, functionalized with anti-ADL antibodies, as
they bind to ADL.
The Au-NP solution is contained in a plastic cuvette allowing an easy and fast mix of nanoparticles
and plasma. The detection system is comprised of a 405 nm laser, as the light source, and a photodiode
as a detector, allowing for the transduction of the light transmitted through the cuvette into an electric
signal. This signal is then amplified, processed and fed into an Arduino board with a Bluetooth module
streaming of the results to a smartphone application that displays and records them for future monitoring.
==Molecular Recognition ==
The LxUs biosensor working principle is the measurement of changes in the optical properties of a
solution of gold nanoparticles (Au-NP) functionalized with biotin as they bind to Adalimumab (ADL)
molecules. These changes are proportional to the concentration of ADL. The absorbance peak of Au-NP
shifts to higher wavelengths as the particles bind to a ligand (the ADL) [1–3], increasing their radius. By
increasing or decreasing the concentration of ADL, the absorbance value changes proportionally.
For this purpose, Au-NP, 60 nanometre diameter, pegylated (PEG 5000) and biotin terminated,
were employed (Sigma-Aldrich, product code 808911) together with anti-ADL antibodies for molecular
recognition. For assays, lyophilized human plasma (Sigma-Aldrich, product code P9523) and anti-TNF-
/alpha (Adalimumab) (Biovision Incorporated, catalog number A1048) were used.
== Physical Transduction ==
The biosensor is based on the spectrophotometry technique to obtain the concentration of ADL
present in the sample. For that, a collimated laser diode (Thorlabs, part number CPS405) with a 405
nm wavelength is used with a corresponding photodiode. The beam crosses a cuvette (Sigma-Aldrich,
product code C5291) containing the sample and the transmitted intensity is then converted to an electric
potential by the photodiode. This signal is amplified by a negative-feedback amplifier circuit, sent to
an Arduino UNO board and the corresponding sample concentration transmitted via Bluetooth to a
smartphone application. Schematic of the device apparatus is show in figure 1.
The measured values allow calculation of the sample’s concentration of ADL bound to the Au-NP.
Obtaining data in order to create a calibration curve enables the computation of the sample’s ADL
concentration on the Arduino UNO board.
== Cartridge ==
Regarding the handling of the fluid, other than the test tubes and the micropipette’s tip, we opted
for the usage of polystyrene cuvettes (Sigma-Aldrich, product code C5291) with two polished windows
for the light measurement step, placed in a cuvette holder.
== Reader Instrument ==
To ease the interaction between user and device, an intuitive smartphone application was created.
It allows creation of patient profiles and storage of their respective test results. As such, any Android smartphone can be used as a reader instrument for the LxUs biosensor. The application was developed
using OutSystems. Communication with the biosensor is performed via Bluetooth, namely a module
connected to the Arduino UNO board.
The user needs only to insert a small cuvette containing the solution of plasma, Au-NPs and ADL in
the equipment. By pressing a button in the application, the ADL concentration is shown on the screen.
When the application is accessed, the main screen presents three options: New Patient, Patient List,
New Analysis.
The “New Patient” screen allows you to create a new profile. Once you have finished filling your new
patient’s profile out, just click save to add it to your Patient Profile List.
The “Patient List” screen lists all the patient profiles you have created so far. Clicking on one of the
names opens the Patient Profile of your choice, providing you with even more options. If you click the
“More Details” option, you will be shown the most important information of your patient’s data.
The “New Analysis” option takes you to a screen which allows communication with the LxUs biosensor.
In there, you are able to turn on the Bluetooth of your mobile device and begin the sample analysis by
simply pressing a button. Once the sample testing finishes, the results will be shown on the screen.
== LxUs 2019 ==
LxUs is a team from the Uppsala University competing in the SensUs 2019 event. For SensUs 2019, LxUs investigated the possibilities for creating a biosensor which is able to measure the concentration of [[Adalimumab]]. The full TRD can be found [ via this link]
== Method ==
The working principle is based upon the spectrophotometry technique which allows transduction of
changes in optical properties of the 60 nm dimater Au-NP, functionalized with anti-ADL antibodies, as
they bind to ADL.
The Au-NP solution is contained in a plastic cuvette allowing an easy and fast mix of nanoparticles
and plasma. The detection system is comprised of a 405 nm laser, as the light source, and a photodiode
as a detector, allowing for the transduction of the light transmitted through the cuvette into an electric
signal. This signal is then amplified, processed and fed into an Arduino board with a Bluetooth module
streaming of the results to a smartphone application that displays and records them for future monitoring.
==Molecular Recognition ==
The LxUs biosensor working principle is the measurement of changes in the optical properties of a
solution of gold nanoparticles (Au-NP) functionalized with biotin as they bind to Adalimumab (ADL)
molecules. These changes are proportional to the concentration of ADL. The absorbance peak of Au-NP
shifts to higher wavelengths as the particles bind to a ligand (the ADL) [1–3], increasing their radius. By
increasing or decreasing the concentration of ADL, the absorbance value changes proportionally.
For this purpose, Au-NP, 60 nanometre diameter, pegylated (PEG 5000) and biotin terminated,
were employed (Sigma-Aldrich, product code 808911) together with anti-ADL antibodies for molecular
recognition. For assays, lyophilized human plasma (Sigma-Aldrich, product code P9523) and anti-TNF-
/alpha (Adalimumab) (Biovision Incorporated, catalog number A1048) were used.
== Physical Transduction ==
The biosensor is based on the spectrophotometry technique to obtain the concentration of ADL
present in the sample. For that, a collimated laser diode (Thorlabs, part number CPS405) with a 405
nm wavelength is used with a corresponding photodiode. The beam crosses a cuvette (Sigma-Aldrich,
product code C5291) containing the sample and the transmitted intensity is then converted to an electric
potential by the photodiode. This signal is amplified by a negative-feedback amplifier circuit, sent to
an Arduino UNO board and the corresponding sample concentration transmitted via Bluetooth to a
smartphone application. Schematic of the device apparatus is show in figure 1.
The measured values allow calculation of the sample’s concentration of ADL bound to the Au-NP.
Obtaining data in order to create a calibration curve enables the computation of the sample’s ADL
concentration on the Arduino UNO board.
== Cartridge ==
Regarding the handling of the fluid, other than the test tubes and the micropipette’s tip, we opted
for the usage of polystyrene cuvettes (Sigma-Aldrich, product code C5291) with two polished windows
for the light measurement step, placed in a cuvette holder.
== Reader Instrument ==
To ease the interaction between user and device, an intuitive smartphone application was created.
It allows creation of patient profiles and storage of their respective test results. As such, any Android smartphone can be used as a reader instrument for the LxUs biosensor. The application was developed
using OutSystems. Communication with the biosensor is performed via Bluetooth, namely a module
connected to the Arduino UNO board.
The user needs only to insert a small cuvette containing the solution of plasma, Au-NPs and ADL in
the equipment. By pressing a button in the application, the ADL concentration is shown on the screen.
When the application is accessed, the main screen presents three options: New Patient, Patient List,
New Analysis.
The “New Patient” screen allows you to create a new profile. Once you have finished filling your new
patient’s profile out, just click save to add it to your Patient Profile List.
The “Patient List” screen lists all the patient profiles you have created so far. Clicking on one of the
names opens the Patient Profile of your choice, providing you with even more options. If you click the
“More Details” option, you will be shown the most important information of your patient’s data.
The “New Analysis” option takes you to a screen which allows communication with the LxUs biosensor.
In there, you are able to turn on the Bluetooth of your mobile device and begin the sample analysis by
simply pressing a button. Once the sample testing finishes, the results will be shown on the screen.
